International Journal for Quality in Health Care Advance Access published online on February 2, 2007
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzl072
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Improving adherence to family planning guidelines in Kenya: an experiment
1 Family Health International, North Carolina, USA
2 Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Maryland, USA
3 JHPIEGO/East Africa (an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA)
4 Family Health International, Nairobi, Kenya
5 Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
QUALITY PROBLEM: Research in Kenya in the mid-1990s suggested poor quality family planning services and limited access to services. Clinical guidelines for family planning and reproductive health were published in 1991 and updated in 1997, but never widely distributed.
CHOICE OF SOLUTION: Managers and trainers chose intensive, district-level training workshops to disseminate guidelines and update health workers on guideline content and best practices.
INTERVENTION: Training workshops were held in 41 districts in 1999. Trainees were instructed to update their untrained co-workers afterwards. As a reinforcement, providers in randomly selected areas received a ‘cascade training package’ of instructional materials and training tips. Providers in 15 randomly selected clinics also received ‘supportive supervision’ visits as a second reinforcement.
EVALUATION METHODOLOGY: A cluster-randomized experiment in 72 clinics assessed the overall impact of the training and the marginal benefits of the two reinforcing activities. Researchers and trainers created several dozen indicators of provider knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices. Binomial and multivariate analyses were used to compare changes over time in indicators and in aggregated summary scores. Data from patient interviews were analysed to corroborate provider practice self-reports. Cost data were collected for an economic evaluation.
RESULTS: Post-test data collected in 2000 showed that quality of care and access increased after the intervention. The cascade training package showed less impact than supportive supervision, but the former was more cost-effective.
LESSONS LEARNED: Service delivery guidelines, when properly disseminated, can improve family planning practices in sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords: family planning, clinical guidelines, training, Kenya, Africa
Address reprint requests to: John Stanback, Family Health International, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA. E-mail: jstanback{at}fhi.org
Accepted for publication December 9, 2006.
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